The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.